Bioelectromagnetic Medicine Chapter 16

BARBARA BREWITT, Clinical Data and Hypothesis for Mechanism of Action
Chapter 16

Every living thing is electromagnetic (EM). All living organisms survive by accumulating energy (and negative entropy) from Earth's external EM forces. The body's appropriate regulation of these extracellular signals is essential for successful development and survival. Changes within cell membranes or in cell surface receptors measurably shift EM parameters within normal, healthy limits.¹ Health, whether at the molecular, cellular, glandular, or systemic level, depends on optimal activation of EM potential.^2-7 Bioelectromagnetic medicine is a logical choice for treating HIV and AIDS because all life forms, from humans to viruses, respond to both nonthermal and thermal EM fields (EMFs).^3,6,8,9 EM forces mediate chemical reactions, thus preceding biochemical reactions.^3,10,11 Extremely low EM forces regulate gene promoters in thymocytes and cancer cell constructs, thus preceding DNA transcription.^12-14 EM forces also specifically activate HIV-derived DNA sequences that are incorporated into the host's DNA.^15,16 Ultraviolet (UV) light, a specific EM waveform, stimulates the HIV promoter and long-terminal repeat (LTR), thus further replicating HIV.¹⁷ Maintenance of healthy ho-meostasis and wellregulated EM forces within the body may prevent HIV disease progression.

Abnormal alterations in EM forces surrounding healthy cell membranes can be quantified. Links between abnormal exposures to EMFs and the onset of cancer and leukemia are well documented.^18-25 New HIV treatment strategies were developed based on well-characterized anatomical and physiological changes that occur during disease progression. For example, bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) of the skin gave insights into loss of lean body mass (LBM) during early stages of HIV infection, thus revealing the significance of nutrient uptake to maintain LBM.^26,27 Characterization of tissue histology during late stages of HIV/AIDS showed considerable tissue disruption within lymph nodes, signaling the degree of HIV immune destruction and the need for tissue-specific highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART).²⁸ Now researchers are trying to derive other information from EM measurements.

Microscopic EM forces within us regulate healthy homeostasis.^29-30 The brain, for example, contains significant anatomical structures that pick up and respond to EM forces. The human brain's major functional areas contain over 5 million (4 ng/g) homogeneously distributed, prism-shaped magnetite crystals and over 20 million (70 ng/g) prism-shaped magnetite crystals in the brain's surrounding meninges.³¹ These magnetite crystals are thought to be part of a universal biological regulating system, which is remarkably similar to the biogenic magnetites of bacteria and fish. The brain is very sensitive to radio frequency (RF) signals and uses ionic calcium as an important second messenger for signal transduction of EM messages.³²

EM forces link information from the outside world to the innermost control area of cells. Cell models show how EM forces stimulate protein synthesis via virally derived DNA that is integrated into the host cell genome.¹⁵ If we can recognize general principles from these models, we can gain greater insight into the healing impact of energy medicine on gene expression. From this point we can develop new and effective, yet nontoxic and affordable, HIV therapies.

CELLULAR EFFECTS

At the microscopic level, EMFs activate electrical potential in the cell membrane.³³ The cell membrane interfaces between the extracellular milieu and the inner workings of the cell via asymmetrical electrical surface potentials that are measurable and reproducible.³⁴ Ion channels and cell surface receptors contained in the cell membrane are integral to cellular communication. Cellular communication occurs by dispatching physical signal messengers such as chemokines, cytokines, growth factors (GFs), hormones, and neurotransmitters. These signals also can be EM.^35-37

Signaling messengers need not enter the cell to communicate and transfer information,^38,39 nor are they directly needed to induce cellular changes or evoke DNA synthesis or cell division.⁴⁰ All that is necessary is activation of a receptor site at the cell surface via a conformational change. The receptor's conformational change then triggers an entire cascade of intracellular messengers that are directed to carry the extracellular signal to the DNA (Figure 16-1). Receptor activation occurs with electrical forces, single molecules, antibodies, and ligands.^41-44 HIV chronically activates the guanyl nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) signaling pathway shown in Figure 16-1, thus disturbing the inositol polyphosphate (Pi) metabolism. Abnormal Pi metabolism contributes to aberrant cell communication.^45,46 G proteins play a crucial role in regulating information flowing from outside the cell to the DNA inside the cell.

Many molecules, receptors, enzymatic processes, gene expressions, and structural organizations respond to weak EMFs (Table 16-1). EM forces stimulate cell changes through signals that are carried from the cell membrane to messengers that affect synthesis of RNA, DNA, and proteins.^39,47,48 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) utilization, which provides energy for life processes, is as much a charge transfer process as it is a biochemical reaction.³ Changes in protein kinase C (PKC), which consequently activates normal DNA transcription factor genes (proto-oncogenes) c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc, could be induced in a T-cell lymphoblastoid cell line (CCRF-CEM) by magnetic fields.⁴⁹ Abnormal expression of proto-oncogenes increases oncogene expression, the potential onset of cancer, and stimulation of the LTR promoter of HIV.⁵⁰

Whether EM forces are large or small, the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems (often called the neuroendocrine immune system) are particularly sensitive to these subtle energy effects at cellular and subcellular levels.⁵¹ The sensitivity of these systems stems from their complexity and regulatory feedback loops.

Studies document that stress and psychological concepts of reality have feedback loops that are easily regulated by EM forces. Additionally, immune and hormonal feedback loops are highly complex and respond to subtle energy signals. A few simple changes in feedback to the neuroendocrine immune system include the following⁵²:

1. The nervous system^53-56

2. Measurable mood changes, paranormal experiences, and psychological states^18,54,57-59

3. Hormonal secretions and endocrine organ functioning^{55,60- 64}

4. White blood cell (WBC) and red blood cell (RBC) counts and lymphocyte activity^{4,24,53,65-68} Thus our ability to regulate subtle energy signals can either build or destroy communication processes within the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems.

Figure 16-1

Table 16-1

CLINICAL AND IN VIVO EFFECTS

Clinical studies show that EM signals produced positive effects in a variety of illnesses. Nonthermal radio waves (10⁴ to 10⁹ Hz) effectively treated sinus infections, cellulitis, abscesses, bronchitis, tonsillitis, pain, staphylococci infections, and skin inflammations.⁶⁹ In the 1930s, AJ Ginsberg, MD proposed that the body acted like a partial condenser (capacitor) system that was surrounded by a field of EM waves with specific frequencies. The energy transmitted to cells was immediately dissipated to adjacent cells via adjacent cell membranes that became activated and carried signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. In contrast, pathogens, such as bacteria and parasites, formed very small, complete condenser (capacitor) systems that were unable to disperse transmitted energy, thus dying or self-destructing. In more biological terms, cell-to-cell communication and physical connections enable cells to resonate together, relieving any one cell of too much EM activity. A single HIV virion, however, is unable to dissipate or discharge excessive EM activity, and a frequency beyond the virion's capacity can cause it to self-destruct.

Using nonthermal RF waves can render HIV, other viruses, bacteria, and parasites less virulent or even destroy them. According to Dr. Ginsberg, "Every normal tissue or cell has a radio frequency of its own, and when these cells become changed, as a result of disease, the tissue frequency is also changed. . . . By application of ultrashort waves of the proper frequency to the abnormal tissue, it will be possible to restore diseased tissue to normal function." More recently, this idea was refined to include the concept that cells respond in specific ways to patterns of pulsed EM forces.^5,70

Changing the cell's microenvironment with electrical forces demonstrates immune-related benefits. Immunological benefits, such as inhibition of bacterial growth and accelerated soft tissue healing, occur after exposure to a variety of electrical stimuli.^69,71-73 In England, EM therapy devices introduce negatively charged electrons into patients' skin and tissues to accelerate wound healing, treat inflammatory ailments, and relieve neuralgic pain.⁷⁴ In Bulgaria, the Odess Health Farm successfully treats chronic fatigue-like symptoms concomitant with viral hepatitis A infection by applying nonthermal EM radiation to the pyloro-duodenal area every other day for 10 treatments. ⁷⁵ In the United States, tumor growth is more effectively inhibited by administration of direct current (DC) plus human interferon-alpha (INF-a) than by treatment with human INF-a alone.⁷⁶ Inhibition of tumor growth by the administration of DC has been reported since the 1950s.^77-80

The nervous system also responds to EM forces. Pulsed magnetic forces applied to multiple sclerosis patients improved self-reported symptoms in eight different categories by 22% to 38% compared with none in the placebo group.⁸¹ Rats with severed ulnar nerves that received pulsed EM energy experienced healing and improved physical functioning twice as fast as untreated rats.⁸² Extensive research on RF signals and pulsed EMFs in vitro and in vivo consistently demonstrated accelerated nerve, bone, and wound healing.^4,53,83-84 The exposure of rats to static and oscillating EMFs simulated the same conditioned responses as those evoked by lithium ions. This effect occurred via increased sensitivity of G protein- coupled serotonin receptors and G protein-coupled alpha-adrenergic receptors within the brain.⁵⁴ Perceptual awareness and brain function are also extremely sensitive and responsive to EM forces.⁵³ Glial components within the central nervous system (CNS) are the target sites for these effects.

EM forces have clinical efficacy, ranging from surface wound healing to nervous and immune system healing, which can be traced to cellular and subcellular benefits. HIV disease is characterized by aberrant cell signaling and dysregulated cell functioning with consequential compromises in tissue integrity.⁸⁵ Reframing our knowledge of cell dynamics in the context of EM forces may lead to new subtle energy treatment strategies for HIV, as well as for other viral and bacterial infections.

THEORY

Bioelectromagnetic medicine is understandable from scientific and biophysiological perspectives. The theory of electrodermal screening (EDS) is based on findings that resistance at specific skin points (often acupuncture points) of approximately 450 µm to 1 cm² differs from the resistance adjacent to these skin points.^86-90 Reports of the magnitude of difference vary from twofold to sixfold on skin points^88,91 and greater than twentyfold on ear points.⁹² Healthy skin resistance at specialized acupuncture/conductance points is reproducible at approximately 100,000 ohms versus 5,000,000 ohms at surrounding skin areas.^86,88,93-97

Therefore specific acupuncture/conductance skin point resistance is fiftyfold lower than resistance at surrounding nonacupuncture points. Acupuncture/ conductance points correlate to neurovascular bundles that contain high densities of cellular gap junctions.^{98- 100} The point names and organ and function associations for the skin points used in EDS were derived from Rheinhold Voll, MD. The validity of the associations between the organs and the point names discovered by Voll remains speculative; however, the diagnostic significance of specific hand and foot acupuncture/conductance points can be evaluated.

Many reports indicate that disease states can be characterized and even staged by measurements of electrical resistance.^6,101,102 Voll used EDS devices in the late 1940s and reported that pathophysiological states in humans could be characterized by measuring skin resistance at acupuncture points.^97,103 Using correlations between physical examinations and EDS measurements, Voll proposed that inflammatory states caused lower-than-normal skin resistance, whereas organ degeneration and tissue necrosis caused higher-than-normal skin resistance. The scientific weakness of Voll's English publications was his presentation of descriptive analyses of patients' conditions rather than factual data.

Dr. Helmut Schimmel, Voll's collaborator, proposed that diagnostic information was accessible through analyses of the temporal changes in amplitudes and fluctuations of electrical trace profiles.⁹³ Changes in EM frequencies in over 900 dogs and 135 humans discriminated accurately between health and disease states.³⁴ Dysregulated frequencies measured from the hollow organs of pathological small intestines and stomachs were restored to a healthy state by using low- and highfrequency EMF forces. Pathological conditions were also accurately detected from decreased resistance at auricular points.¹⁰⁴

The healthy cell membrane contains a characteristic electrical potential at which it responds (i.e., at which the cell resonates).^34,102,105 All life forms therefore have a unifying principle of cell communication that responds to subtle energy field forces. For example, researchers in France show that biological information in a variety of cell systems can be transferred electromagnetically to induce specific cellular responses that mimic cholinergic signals of histamines, ovalbumin, and endotoxin.^36,37,106 Studies in the United States show that DC mimics nerve GF signals and significantly increases protein content in neuronal explants.⁸⁴

EM frequencies also affect small polypeptides such as GFs and growth hormone (GH) (Table 16-1) because their tertiary structures contain electrically dynamic alpha- helical conformations that easily resonate at specific frequencies.^70,107,108 For example, GH contains many alpha- helix structures, thus it is activated by EM forces.¹⁹ GH levels increased in healthy humans in response to electrical stimulation of auricular points.¹⁰⁹ Along with EM-responsive structures, GH and GFs have similar biological functions; they both optimize cell communication and maintain healthy homeostasis.¹¹⁰ Brewitt and Standish¹¹¹ and Bellavite and Signorini¹¹² proposed that homeopathic GFs are ideal candidates to balance the immune system. In three different randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical studies, homeopathic recombinant human GH (HrGH) provided both physiological and psychological benefits to people between the ages of 18 and 72 years.¹¹³

Subtle energy forces, such as electrical signals and homeopathic GFs (hoGFs), were evaluated for their potential efficacy in treating HIV-positive individuals. Since viruses bind to the cell membrane, their viral coats may cause aberrant cell communication. Binding viral coats to cell membrane receptors changes the electrical charge that characterizes cell healthy resonance.^114,115 Several biological mechanisms transfer a broad array of information from the outside of the cell to the inside. One mechanism uses G proteins to guard the direct information that successfully transfers from the outside of the cell to the inside. HIV infection, EM signals, and GFs use G proteins to transmit their information through the cell membrane to impact DNA synthesis and cell behavior.

This chapter presents clinical data showing quantifiable differences in electrical conductance measurement at skin points between healthy controls and HIVpositive patients. Furthermore, data from two HIV-positive patients who received regular EM signals in the form of RF signals are presented. Peripheral blood lymphocyte counts, especially CD4⁺ T-cell counts, improve when specific skin points that are characteristic of HIV infection are continually brought into a healthy, normal range. Finally, data are presented showing that HIV-positive patients treated with oral administration of hoGFs achieved normal EM profiles. After presentation of the data, a hypothesis was formed, stating that HIV infection can be effectively managed through regular use of subtle EM forces or other therapeutic interventions that effectively control G protein activities at the cell membrane.

Materials and Methods
Electromagnetic Measurements and Radio Frequency Signals

Electrical resistance was measured at specific skin conductance/ acupuncture points using a computerized electrodermal screening (EDS) device called LISTEN.* This computerized ohmmeter device provides a maximal DC of 5 volts at 30 µA (maximum) to the skin, which is sufficient to overcome the 2.5 to 3.0 volts of background current (noise) produced by the skin. Electrical resistance was quantified by evoking a change in electrical potential at skin points through DC stimulation either during baseline evaluation or in response to treatment. Treatment was defined as RF signals emitted by a small radio emitter located in the central processing unit (CPU) of the computer hard drive.

*BioMeridian, Inc, Orem, Utah.

The RF signals, which were contained in a database library, consisted of a unique pattern of eight or more binary numbers (0 or 1) contained in a discrete byte, each with a unique pattern of smaller bits. A serial shift register circuit received bytes of information and converted them to a transmitted pulsed square-wave signal with an amplitude of either 0 or 5 volts (similar to data transmitted repeatedly over a telephone modem). Each pulsed square wave was transmitted repeatedly and combined with other bytes to produce a broad range of EM frequencies, ranging from DC to 12 MHz. Each radio signal, which was associated with a name in ASCII characters, was transmitted repeatedly until the operator terminated the signal. When a signal was accepted for its ability to balance the patient's electrical conductance, its name appeared on the computer screen. When the name on the computer screen was selected, it transmitted a signal from the binary pattern to a shift register circuit.

Optimal resistance at an acupuncture skin point is 100,000 ohms,116 scaled on the LISTEN device as 50 relative units of conductance. Electrical conductance is the inverse of resistance, and preliminary studies on healthy individuals, each of whom was measured at 28 different acupuncture points, determined that the mean maximum conductance was 50.3 ± 0.58 standard error of measurement (SEM) relative units.

General Protocol

Both RF signals of hoGFs and liquid preparations of hoGFs were evaluated for therapeutic efficacy in HIVpositive individuals. Four different studies were conducted, involving normal and HIV-positive persons. These four studies are summarized in Table 16-2. In Study A, 154 subjects, including healthy controls (n =117) and HIV-positive patients (n=37), were measured at several major acupuncture points to establish a baseline comparison. In Studies B and C, 23 and 11 HIV-positive patients, respectively, were evaluated for the effect of RF signals of GFs on disease state. Patients in Study B received treatment for 3 months, whereas those in Study C received only a single treatment. In Study D, 21 HIV-positive patients were orally administered liquid hoGFs (see Chapter 9). Disease state was monitored as in the three previous studies.

Table 16-2

Figure 16-2

Hand and Foot Points with Their Organ Associations

Figure 16-2 shows the point locations and names of points that were identified by Voll.¹¹⁷ Many conductance points coincided with classical Chinese acupuncture points and were mapped to specific organs and areas of the brain.^118-120 The points evaluated in these studies were selected by several criteria. First, these points had previously shown differences between healthy controls and persons with chronic inflammatory conditions, HIV infections, cancer, and AIDS.²Second, dielectric properties of lungs in vivo indicated that they responded to RF ranges from 10 kHz to 100 MHz,¹²¹ which are sensitive to RFs. Third, both traditional acupuncture and the Voll points along the triple heater meridian (TH1), lung (LU10), and spleen (SP1L, SPCL, SP2L, SP3L, and SP4L)^122,123 are associated with significant acupuncture points related to HIV pathogenesis. ¹²² Finally, the neurovascular junctions and lymphatics of the spleen include vessels from the large toe of the left foot.¹²⁴ Thus an actual anatomical connection exists between the vessels of the left toe and the spleen.

Measuring Electrical Resistance and Providing Radio Frequency Signals

Each patient held either a source electrode or a brass bar covered with wet sterile gauze in one hand. The practitioner held either a second brass electrode or a pen-shaped probe and touched a specific acupuncture/ conductance point on either the patient's hands or left foot (Figure 16-3). The acupuncture/conductance points were approximately 3 mm in diameter in healthy controls and were located in the epidermal layer of the skin. To obtain the most accurate and reproducible measurements, the probe was placed at finger and toe points where the lowest resistance was found,¹²⁵ near the neck of the joints at a 45-degree angle to the bone.

Figure 16-3

The hand and foot skin points and their Voll associated tissues and organs, some of which were measured in Studies A through D, are summarized in Table 16-3. Skin points whose values deviated from 45 to 55 relative units were measured again, coincidental with exposure to a broad band of RF signals associated with hoGFs (Studies B and C). The band of signals was given for a few seconds and was systematically reduced through repeated testing to one signal that produced a normal electrical conductance reading of 45 to 55 relative units (Study B). If chronically low or high conductance readings were not immediately brought into the normal range, additional RF signals were added until the abnormal skin points were brought back into the normal range. During Study C, subjects were exposed to a series of homeopathic potencies from all of the hoGFs that were used in Study B. The types of GFs and the concentrations that were most frequently reported to normalize electrical conductance were then prepared for physiological effects in terms of raising peripheral blood lymphocyte counts in Study D.

Baseline Evaluation: Study A

154 subjects (healthy, n=117; HIV-positive, n=37) were measured at skin conductance points located on the right side of the body plus the spleen acupuncture/ conductance points located on the left toe (see Figure 16-2). All 117 of the healthy control subjects were evaluated for the major points: JOCR, FICR, SPCL, TH1R, and TH2R, and 60 of them (51%) were evaluated for all or most of the minor points of NE4R, LY4R, SP1L, SP2L, SP3L, SP4L, and LU10R. Healthy subjects were defined as persons visiting their health care practitioner for symptoms that did not include chronic DNA or RNA viral infections, cancer, or diabetes. HIV-positive patients had either CD4⁺ T-cell counts above 175 cells/µl without any major symptoms or were diagnosed with AIDS-defining illnesses (n=11) with CD4⁺T-cell counts below 150 cells/µ1.

Table 16 - 3

Treatment with Radio Frequency Signals: Studies B and C

Two different test groups were treated with RFs. The Study B group (n= 23) received signals regularly for 3 months, and the Study C group (n= 11) received signals for only 1 day. All RFs were pulsed signals with spatial modulation for maximal effectiveness and reproducibility.⁸⁷ In Study B, two HIV-positive patients who were not using antiviral (AV) therapy were evaluated for changes in T-cell counts (specifically CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and CD3⁺ peripheral cell counts) after exposure to RF signals that simulated hoGFs. These two patients had been infected with HIV for more than 8 years and were given RF signals regularly to achieve optimal skin resistance at specific acupuncture/conductance points. Each radio signal simulated a different hoGF, and the unique radio signal that brought abnormal electrical conductance values back into the normal range was recorded in the software's memory system. Different RFs were administered to determine which GF signal or signals might best treat both persons. Lymphocyte counts were measured both before the treatment and after 3 months of treatment. CD4⁺ T-cell counts collected from the two patients were compared to findings in two different double-blind, placebocontrolled clinical studies with HIV-positive patients who were on placebo (n= 10, n=11) and received neither RF signals nor AV therapy.

In study B, electrical resistance was measured at points outside the normal range of 45 to 55 relative conductance units (inverse of resistance) on the LISTEN system. These points were associated with the spleen meridian (SP), environmentally related allergies (AL), lymph tissues in the lungs (LY4), the lymphatic system in general (LY), and the connective tissue (FIC) (see Figure 16-2 and Table 16-3). Each patient was treated for a 1-hour session for 3 months. Patient 1 was treated 3 to 5 days/week, and Patient 2 was treated 5 to 6 days/week.

In Study C, 11 HIV-infected individuals were delivered a wide spectrum of specific radio signals representing various potencies of hoGFs. Each response to different potency (concentration) was quantified. This 1-day treatment identified the GF potency that normalized electrical resistance. HoGF potencies of 6 C (approximately 10 ^-12 molar), 30 C (approximately 10 ^-60 molar), 200 C (approximately 10 ^-400 molar), and 1000 C, also known as 1 M (approximately 10^-2000 molar, by the French method), were evaluated via RF signals.

Study D: Effects of Homeopathic Growth Factors on Electrical Conductance

The effectiveness of four hoGFs selected from Study C was tested in Study D (n= 22). HIV-positive individuals were examined for changes in electrical conductance over time during a 4-month, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Participants administered the treatment orally, swirling 10 drops around in the mouth from each of four bottles 3 times a day (40 drops tid). The bottles contained either one of the hoGFs at their concentrations (e.g., 1 M IGF-1, 30 C + 1 M PDGF-BB, 30 C + 1 M TGF-ß1, and 200 C GM-CSF) or placebo. Measurements of electrical resistance at hand and foot points occurred every 3 weeks during the study. Changes in electrical resistance were compared with peripheral blood lymphocyte counts. HIV viral load testing was not available at this time.

Summary of Methods

The following step-by-step approach was used to research the effects of subtle energy medicine:

1. Identify key acupuncture/conductance skin points that are uniquely characteristic of HIV/AIDS patients versus those of healthy controls.

2. Identify specific RF signals that return abnormal skin conductance values to normal levels. Simultaneously measure changes occurring in peripheral blood lymphocyte counts of HIV-infected patients.

3. Identify specific homeopathic concentrations of GFs simulated by RF signals in a larger group of HIV/AIDS patients to bring abnormal skin conductance readings back into normal ranges.

4. Prepare some of the identified hoGFs into liquid preparations and evaluate their ability to restore EM skin conductance into the normal range and test the hypothesis in a double-blind, placebo controlled clinical study (see Chapter 9).

Figure 16-4

Results

Study A: Electrical conductance readings of a minimum of 12 skin points in the 117 healthy controls were in the optimal range (48 to 52 relative units) 58% of the time and were in the normal range (45 to 55 relative units) 83% of the time (Figure 16-4, A). In the healthy controls, only two points, FICR and SP2L, were 17% and 12% higher than normal, respectively. None of the conductance readings were lower than normal levels. These measurements were compared with measurements of HIV-positive patients (n= 37, Figure 16-4, B) and patients diagnosed with AIDS-defining illnesses or with CD4_ T-cell counts below 175 cells/µl (n= 11; Figure 16-4, C). Three of the 12 points measured, JOCR, SPCL, and SP3L, were not statistically different in any of the three groups. The other nine points were statistically higher or lower in HIV-infected patients. The findings were reproducible.

In asymptomatic HIV-positive patients, five points (42%) fell outside of the normal range, four of which were above the normal range: (1) LY4R (+17%, p= 0.01), (2) LU10R (+29%, p= 0.002), (3) TH2R (+12%, p= 0.0001), and (4) NE4R (+13%, p= 0.0008). One point, SP1L ( -12%), fell below the normal range, which Voll associated with splenic lymphocytes homing to the upper body (see Figure 16-4, B). Five points (42%) remained in the optimal range, and seven points (58%) fell into the normal range. Higher-than-normal electrical conductances suggest that the body is in flamed, which is a common general characteristic of HIV infection.

In general, the AIDS patients had statistically lower values of electrical conductance than both the control and asymptomatic HIV-positive groups (see Figure 16-4, C). Two points, LU10R (_15%) and TH2R (12%, p= 0.01 ), were higher than those of controls. Five points (42%) were statistically lower than those of controls: (1) TH1R ( 14%, p= 0.058), (2) SP4L ( 18%, p= 0.03), (3) SP2L (p= 0.004), (4) SP1L ( 23%, p= 0.03), and (5) FICR (p= 0.008). These AIDS patients had three points (FICR, NE4R, and SP3L; 25%) within the optimal range and seven points (58%) in the normal range. AIDS patients had three points with lower electrical conductances than HIVpositive patients (30%): (1) LY4R (p= 0.04), (2) SP4L (p= 0.02), and (3) TH1R (p= 0.02). The lower conductances in AIDS patients also characterized HIV disease progression.

Study B: T cells increased in those receiving simulated hoGFs. Both patients had CD4⁺ T-cell counts below 200 cells/µl and were treated with RF signals for 30 to 60 minutes/day, 3 to 6 times/week, for 3 months. Patient 1 was treated with RF signals alone, and Patient 2 was treated with RF signals plus a combination of natural therapies. Table 16-4 shows the number of times that signals corresponding to specific GFs returned conductance readings to the normal range in acupuncture points associated with the lymphatics, spleen, TH1R, and lungs.

RF signals corresponding to NGF, IGF-1, aFGF, and TGF-a were the most effective and most frequently normalized the two patients' measurements. The patients' peripheral blood lymphocyte counts were measured for both many months before treatment and after 3 months of treatment (Figure 16-5). Before study entry, Patient 1's lymphocyte counts decreased until he was treated with a variety of different botanicals, especially bitter melon (Momordica charantia). Treatment with bitter melon in the previous 4 months was associated with CD8⁺ and CD3⁺ T-cell count increases of more than 30%. Total T-cell counts, however, did not have a significant effect on CD4⁺ T-cell counts (Figure 16-5, A). Bitter melon treatment was discontinued for 1 month, and the administration of RF signals of hoGFs began. This patient's immune parameters increased by 33% in CD8⁺ lymphocytes, by 102% in CD3⁺ lymphocytes, and by 16% in CD4⁺ lymphocytes during the next 3-month period without any treatment other than RFs.

Table 16-4

Figure 16-5

Patient 2's immune parameters increased by 48% in CD8⁺ lymphocytes, by 50% in CD3⁺lymphocytes, and by 50% in CD4⁺ T-cells (Figure 16-5, B). A longterm tracking of this patient's CD4⁺ T-cell counts over a 60-month period indicated that near-daily treatments with RF signals appeared to reverse his general downward trend in CD4⁺ T-cell counts and slowed disease progression (Figure 16-6). Monthly or bimonthly treatments with RF signals of hoGFs were not sufficient to slow disease progression, and there was a downward trend in lymphocyte counts.

Figure 16-6

Figure 16-7

A general downward trend of 70 _ 50 CD4⁺ T-cells/µl in 4 months occurred when 21 HIV-positive patients used only natural therapies without other RF treatments (Figure 16-7). In general, HIV disease progression includes average losses of 85 to 100 CD4 cells/µl/year compared to 6 CD4 cells/µl/year losses in HIV-positive long-term nonprogressors or 7 CD4 cells/µl/year in healthy controls undergoing normal aging.¹²⁶ The increase in CD4⁺T-cell counts in both patients treated with RF signals was highly significant.

Study C: This study administered different RF signals of various homeopathic potencies of GF for a onetime event to 11 different HIV-positive patients with CD4⁺ T-cell counts between 67 and 570 cells/µl. The findings from this study are shown in Table 16-5. A positive response was defined as the hoGF signal that brought the electrical conductance into the normal range of 45 to 55 relative units.

In 10 of the 11 patients (91%) treated, administration of the RF signal simulating IGF-1 brought the patient's electrical conductance back into the normal range. Most patients responded to more than one homeopathic potency for any single hoGF signal. RF signals representing PDGF in two of its isoforms, BB (82% of people responded positively) and AA (73% of people responded positively), effectively normalized electrical conductance measurements. In general, 63% of HIV-positive patients responded to RF signals simulating the hoGFs of (1) IGF-1, (2) PDGF-BB, (3) PDGF-AB, (4) PDGF-AA, (5) NGF, (6) GM-CSF, (7) TNF-a, and (8) M-CSF. RF signals associated with higher potencies of GFs, such as 1000 C (1 M), normalized electrical conductance measurements of asymptomatic HIV-positive patients more effectively than RF signals associated with lower potencies of GFs. Homeopathic potencies of 6 C, representing picomolar (10 12 molar) concentrations of GFs, normalized electrical conductance readings in AIDS patients or symptomatic HIV-positive patients most frequently.

Table 16-5

Study D: Electrical skin conductance measurements were taken of 22 patients who received four hoGFs. Baseline changes in electrical conductance measurements of 36 hand and foot acupuncture points were quantified every 3 to 4 weeks for 4 months (Figure 16- 8). Points related to the hormonal, nervous, and immune systems along the SP, TR, and NE meridians of the second and fourth fingers and large left toe were analyzed over time. There was no difference between normal treatment or placebo in 69% of these points.

Figure 16-8

The treatment caused points associated with (1) the brain stem and cerebrum (NE3), (2) cranial nerves (NE4), and (3) thymus, thyroid, and parathyroid glands (TR2 or triple heater two) to change from abnormal to repeatedly normal electrical conductance patterns. In contrast, the placebo had no effect on electrical conductance patterns, and the measurements remained out of balance throughout the study (see Figure 16-8). The NE3 point was higher than normal in both groups at study entry. Once treatment was initiated, the measurements for NE3 were normalized, and three of the measurements fell in the optimal range (Figure 16-8, A). In contrast, the measurements of subjects on placebo fell in the normal range twice, but none fell in the optimal range, and during the final month, the measurement fell below normal values. Similarly, NE4 point measurements that were very high at study entry fell into the normal range four out of five times with treatment of hoGFs (Figure 16-8, B). Initially high electrical conductance measurements in the placebo group continued to rise above normal levels until the end of the study, when they fell into the normal range one out of five times. The entry measurement of TR2 was near-normal in both the treatment and placebo groups (Figure 16-8, C). The treatment appeared to maintain the measurements within the normal range compared with placebo, in which measurements rose higher and fell lower than normal three out of five times. A statistical difference was measured between the two groups in month 3 (p<0.04). The SP1 point measurements were lower than the other points before and after therapy. However, the measurements maintained greater stability in the treatment group than in the placebo group. (p<0.01) (Figure 16-8, D).

Summary and Conclusions

The systematic methodology used to conduct these four small preliminary, Phase I and II clinical studies leads to new insights regarding the therapeutic efficacy of EM forces on HIV-positive patients. Preliminary data are adequate to form a hypothesis of the mechanism of action for nonthermal RF signals that effectively treat HIV-positive patients or other virally infected persons. Based on these findings, it is key to the hypothesis that homeostasis of energy fields be restored. Restoration of the body's healthy range of oscillating electrical resistance occurred through delivery of RF EM forces and through oral delivery of hoGFs.

The unique characterization of the body's energetic abnormalities enabled treatments to be more highly directed to specific corresponding tissues and organs. HIV/AIDS energetic abnormalities identified in these studies include meridians that Voll had assigned to the spleen, thymus/thyroid, lungs, and lymphatic system within the lungs and small intestines. These same organs and tissues are identified as early target sites for HIV infection and where pathological effects occur most often.^127-130

Study A demonstrated the characteristic differences between specific acupuncture/conductance points in HIV-positive patients versus healthy controls. Other researchers have also measured differences in electrical parameters at skin points between healthy and disease states.^2,131-136 Disease states noted previously were (1) general inflammation, (2) HIV/AIDS, (3) Epstein- Barr virus (EBV), (4) cytomegalovirus (CMV), (5) cancer, (6) diabetes, (7) liver cirrhosis, (8) lung diseases, and (9) tumors. The current study, however, associates the organ/tissue names of the acupuncture/conductance skin points to Voll points. Voll points may follow along meridians that map particular organs or biological functions of the body, although these differ from traditional Chinese acupuncture maps.¹¹⁷ Voll tissue names, however, correspond to organs and tissues that are affected during early stages of HIV infection, such as the lungs, nervous system, spleen, adrenals, thymus, and lymphatics.^127-130,137

Measurements of specific points related to the spleen and connective tissue (i.e., FICR, SP2L, and SP1L) in Study A's larger study of HIV-positive and AIDS patients replicated earlier findings with a smaller sample size.² As previously asserted, asymptomatic HIV infection generally includes hyperconductance pro- files.² Hyperconductance early in the HIV disease process is in keeping with findings by others using EDS and EM screening devices that note early stages of pathology.^{2,6,96,138-142} Hyperconductance is associated with excessive fluid motion in malignant or inflamed tissue.^6,143

AIDS patients generally had lower-than-optimal conductance readings. SP1L was the single point in both HIV-positive and AIDS patients that was lower than that in the control group. The spleen is one of the first targets for HIV infection, and this low measurement at the spleen skin points suggests that the spleen is one of the first organs to lose energetic vitality after infection. The spleen's loss of energetic vitality also supports the findings and conclusions reported earlier on EM readings in degenerative or progressed states of disease.^2,138 Chinese acupuncture points that are clinically significant to HIV infection include those related to the spleen, thymus, and lungs, which are similarly identified organs but not exactly the same points as those reported in this study.¹²² Further characterization of the points identifying HIV infection and the specific treatment protocols that restore homeostasis to these specific organs is warranted.

CD4⁺ T-cells and other lymphocyte counts were raised by repeatedly stabilizing acupuncture/conductance skin points associated with the nervous and immune systems. The improvement in cellular immunity occurred by either delivery of RF signals simulating hoGFs or by delivery of oral administration of liquid hoGFs (Studies B and D). The specific skin points treated were associated with the spleen, thymus, and cranial nerves, all known as key reservoir organs for HIV residence.

Pulse waveforms, as occurs with radio waves, optimally transmit reliable and reproducible information from machines to humans.⁸⁷ Treatment with short-wave RFs and other EMF forces can improve conditions such as respiratory tract infections (RTIs), skin infections, general inflammatory conditions, sensory organ function, and psychophysical states of consciousness.^{69,87,144-146} The studies presented in this chapter demonstrated how pulsed RF signals of hoGFs directed to specific target organ points strengthened both neurophysiological and immune responses of HIV-positive patients.

The study of two individual patients was preliminary by design; however, their gains in CD4⁺ T-cell counts were significantly greater than the trends seen in two other studies of persons using placebos plus other natural therapies, without HAART or RF treatment. Losses in lymphocyte counts in persons taking a wide variety of natural supplements agree with previous reports by Standish et al ¹⁴⁷ and Brewitt et al (see Chapter 9). HIV-positive patients using some natural therapies did not maintain stable CD4⁺ T-cell counts over time. In contrast, the improvement in immune status in the two patients who were treated with RF signals occurred without HAART, without acupuncture, and with little supplementation of other botanicals, vitamins, or other hands-on therapies. Patient 2 improved more than Patient 1, suggesting that more frequent RF therapy plus supplementation with natural products is related to increased lymphocyte counts. Patient 2 was treated with the EM signals 35% more frequently than Patient 1. Further studies with this intervention in larger groups and with better controls are warranted to test reproducibility. The hoGFs that were the most effective at bringing the patients' electrical conductance into the normal range were (1) NGF, (2) IGF-1, (3) aFGF, and (4) TGF-a.

Specific RF signals simulating different hoGFs at separate concentrations were also identified in Study C for their ability to bring abnormally high or low points in HIV-infected patients back into the normal range. A majority of the people (63%) with HIV/AIDS responded to the RF signals associated with the hoGFs of (1) IGF- 1, (2) PDGF-BB, (3) PDGF-AB, (4) PDGF-AA, (5) NGF, (6) GM-CSF, (7) TNF-a, and (8) M-CSF. Three of the GFs identified in Study B were also identified in Study C; namely, NGF, IGF-1, and TGF-a. Generally, the higher the potency (i.e., lower concentration), the more effective it balanced the EM field of the healthier HIV-positive individual. The lower potencies were more effective at treating HIV/AIDS patients with lower CD4⁺ T-cell counts and greater disease progression.

Study D evaluated four of the hoGFs identified in Study C for their ability to improve electrical conductance profiles at specific Voll points associated with neuroimmune and endocrine functioning.¹¹⁷ Oral administration of four hoGFs at potencies identified in Study C effectively balanced electrical skin conductance. This balance did not occur with persons using placebo and other natural supplements. Three skin points that significantly balanced over time in the treatment group compared with placebo were (1) TH2R, (2) NE3R, and (3) NE4R. These three points had statistically higher conductance values than those of healthy controls. Additionally, the variability around the mean value at the SP1L skin point was statistically more coherent on treatment than on placebo. This supports the premise that an autoregulatory process within the body's EM field occurred. The positive clinical results on immune parameters that also occurred with treatment of hoGFs are presented in Chapter 9.

The results from Studies B and D suggest that optimizing electrical conductance at hand and foot skin points via either pulsed RF signals or oral administration of hoGFs significantly improved the immune system of HIV/AIDS patients. The studies demonstrated that quantitative evaluation of acupuncture/conductance skin points can delineate subtle differences between HIV/AIDS patients versus healthy controls. Other studies have demonstrated distinct differences between states of health versus pathology and states of inflammation versus degeneration, including HIV/AIDS.^2,131,148 Cancer diagnosis has an electrical signature when six simultaneous abnormalities are found using an Nakatani neurometer at the traditional Chinese acupuncture meridians related to the pericardium, triple-heater, spleen-pancreas, kidney, and gall bladder. ¹³⁹

The patterns of electrical conductance of persons on placebo versus persons receiving oral administration of liquid hoGFs were significantly different. Autoregulatory functioning improved with oral administration of hoGFs. These hoGFs must have carried subtle energy signals, since the probability of them containing even one molecule of actual GF was less than one in 10400. The measured positive effects originated from a solution with active ingredients that were no longer present, yet the solution carried clinically valuable potent biological information.

The model whereby information is transferred from the outside of the cell to the DNA inside the cell has been shown with EM stimuli via general mechanisms in the body that extend beyond the requirement for molecular binding to substrates. French immunologist Jacques Benveniste postulates that highly diluted compounds transfer information to cells via signal transduction pathways that are bioelectromagnetic.³⁷ Results from the studies presented in this chapter suggest the hypothesis that information is transferred from outside human cells to genetic DNA inside the cells via oral administration of hoGFs.

Biophysical mechanisms exerted positive immunomodulatory effects on HIV-positive patients who were not using HAART, most notably raising blood CD4_ T-cell counts. These clinical findings open a new door for HIV infection treatment possibilities. Specifically, by balancing EM field rhythms at acupuncture/conductance skin points, measurable physiological and immunological benefits resulted. As skin point measurements associated with the thymus and cranial nerves were brought into homeostasis, immune cell counts simultaneously improved. These findings provide the perspective that treatment strategies for HIV infection happen at the cell receptor level. The subtle energetic approach evokes a cellular response from both the nervous and immune systems. The reproducibility of the data from these clinical studies and from those presented in Chapter 9 demonstrate beneficial clinical effects from subtle energy forces.

A NEW HYPOTHESIS FOR EFFICACIOUS, NONTOXIC TREATMENT USING SUBTLE ENERGY MEDICINE

HIV competes for the same G-protein signaling processes that many GFs use. G proteins are requisite coreceptors for HIV that can infect human cells.^149-151 G proteins are the first site of information transfer from the cell membrane surface to its DNA.¹⁵² The transfer of information from the outside of cells to their inner nucleus uses common pathways, such as G proteins. HIV, EM forces, and hoGFs use G proteins to transfer information to the DNA. Cells process a broad array of diverse extracellular signals into an appropriate small array of intracellular responses through only three types of signaling pathways: (1) receptors, (2) G proteins, and (3) effectors that direct the information from the receptor to the inside of the cell.^38,42,153 G proteins are part of a superfamily of proteins that are named by their binding and regulation by guanine nucleotides (which consists of a guanine, a sugar, and one or more phosphates). Three different subunits of G proteins¹⁵⁴ form a variety of combinations to direct various signals down specific pathways (see Figure 16-1). Over 320 heterotrimeric G proteins exist.^152,153 The signal transduction pathway of G proteins is already associated with numerous diseases.^155,156 HIV may activate G proteins in the same way as RF signals and hoGFs do. In fact, this signal transduction pathway may be used universally.

G proteins play an essential role during HIV infection. Researchers have known since 1986 that the CD4⁺ T-cell receptor was not sufficient for the entry of HIV into human immune system cells.¹⁵¹ This finding launched a decade-long search for the necessary "second receptor" for effective HIV infection of immune and nervous system CD4⁺ T-cells. In 1996 researchers identified at least two second receptors that enable HIV infection in human cells; both of them are transmembrane G proteins that couple with the CD4_ receptor and are called CC-CKR5 and fusin.^149,150 CC-CKR5 and fusin are now accepted as the second and final gate that HIV must pass through to enter macrophage and CD4⁺ T-cells and to infect them by inserting viral genetic material into the cell's DNA.

G proteins take part in an enormous variety of biological sensing and communication systems. They help control everything from the successful entry of HIV into human immune cells, to mating in yeast, to egg-laying in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, to immune function, vision, and olfaction in humans.¹⁵⁷ G proteins are located within the cell lipid bilayer and are part of a superfamily of proteins.¹⁵⁸ G proteins couple with cell receptors to direct the flow of information from outside the receptor to inside the cell by converting the external signal into second messengers that regulate gene expression. ^38,156 G-protein activation triggers signal transduction cascades, which regulate gene transcription, gene expression, protein synthesis, cell division, and cell death.^3,40,67,159 G proteins play significant roles during infection by viruses, such such as HIV and EBV, and by bacterial diseases, such as some lymphomas, whooping cough, and cholera. Other G protein-coupled-receptor disorders are well-known, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), stationary night blindness, color blindness, isolated glucocorticoid deficiencies, hyperfunctioning thyroidadenomas, and neonatal hyperparathyroidism. G proteins contribute significantly to receptor systems such as GFs, GH, chemokines, neurotransmitters, hormones, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), pheromones, opsins, rhodopsins, melatonin, and serotonin.

Since EM forces are necessary cofactors for successful HIV infection, a new treatment strategy may include competitive G-protein signaling to inhibit HIV replication and activation. Further studies of approaches using homeopathic cell signaling proteins, such as hoGFs and homeopathic interleukins (ILs), both with and without EM signaling, are warranted given these positive preliminary findings.